Naming Acids Bases practice

Question

Name the following Acids:

1.  HClO ________________________

2.  HClO3 ________________________

3.  H2SO3 ________________________

4.  H2SiO3 ________________________

5.  H2CO3 ________________________

6.  HF ________________________

7.  HClO4 ________________________

8. HNO3 ________________________

9. H2CrO4 ________________________

Write the formulas for the following acids: 

1. Nitric Acid __________________

1. Chloric Acid ________________

1. Acetic Acid _________________

1. Hydrobromic Acid ____________

1. Chlorous Acid _______________

1. Hydrochloric Acid ____________

1. Phosphoric Acid _____________

1. Nitrous Acid ________________

1. Hydroiodic Acid ____________

1. Sulfuric Acid ________________

10. H3PO4 ________________________

Naming bases, writing formulas

When naming bases with the hydroxide ion just name the first element and then add hydroxide.

Ex: KOH potassium hydroxide

Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide

Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide

1. NaOH: 

1. LiOH:
2. Ca(OH)2:
3. Ba(OH)2:
4. Mg(OH)2:
5. Be(OH)2:
6. Sr(OH)2:
7. Fe(OH)3:
8. Fe(OH)2:
9. Al(OH)3:

Write formulas for each of the following bases- remember to use the rules for writing ionic formulas. 

1. potassium hydroxide
2. aluminum hydroxide
3. iron (III) hydroxide
4. copper (I) hydroxide
5. copper (II) hydroxide
6. strontium hydroxide
7. lithium hydroxide
8. sodium hydroxide
9. rubidium hydroxide
10. calcium hydroxide

Answer 1

Learn the system and the whole worksheet answers itself — there is nothing here to memorise item by item.

Rule 1 — binary acids (hydrogen + one other element)

hydro- + element root + -ic acid. HCl is hydrochloric acid.

Rule 2 — oxyacids (contain oxygen): named from the polyatomic ion

ion ending in -ate → acid ending in -ic
ion ending in -ite → acid ending in -ous

Any per- or hypo- prefix on the ion carries straight over. For the chlorine series, all four at once:

ClO₄⁻ perchlorate → HClO₄ perchloric
ClO₃⁻ chlorate → HClO₃ chloric
ClO₂⁻ chlorite → HClO₂ chlorous
ClO⁻ hypochlorite → HClO hypochlorous

Naming the acids

1. HClO — hypochlorous acid
2. HClO₃ — chloric acid
3. H₂SO₃ — sulfurous acid
4. H₂SiO₃ — silicic acid
5. H₂CO₃ — carbonic acid
6. HF — hydrofluoric acid
7. HClO₄ — perchloric acid
8. HNO₃ — nitric acid
9. H₂CrO₄ — chromic acid
10. H₃PO₄ — phosphoric acid

Only #6 is binary; the rest are oxyacids.

Writing the formulas

Nitric — HNO₃
Chloric — HClO₃
Acetic — CH₃COOH (also written HC₂H₃O₂)
Hydrobromic — HBr
Chlorous — HClO₂
Hydrochloric — HCl
Phosphoric — H₃PO₄
Nitrous — HNO₂
Hydroiodic — HI
Sulfuric — H₂SO₄

To build a formula, start from the ion and add enough H to cancel its charge: phosphate is PO₄³⁻, so it takes three H, giving H₃PO₄.

The bases

NaOH — sodium hydroxide
LiOH — lithium hydroxide
Ca(OH)₂ — calcium hydroxide
Ba(OH)₂ — barium hydroxide
Mg(OH)₂ — magnesium hydroxide
Be(OH)₂ — beryllium hydroxide
Sr(OH)₂ — strontium hydroxide
Fe(OH)₃ — iron(III) hydroxide

Watch the last one — it breaks the rule your worksheet gave. "Just name the first element and add hydroxide" works for the main-group metals above, because each forms only one possible charge. Iron is a transition metal and forms both Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺, so the name must carry a Roman numeral. Three hydroxides means Fe³⁺, hence iron(III). Writing "iron hydroxide" is incomplete — Fe(OH)₂ is iron(II) hydroxide and is a different compound.

Handy mnemonic for the endings: "-ate becomes -ic, -ite becomes -ous." Get those two right and the prefixes take care of themselves.