Hello, Taylor,
(a) If I have a substance in the vapor phase at approximately 25 degrees Celsius, how can I change the phase to liquid without changing the temperature?
You can increase the pressure to force the molecules into a phase change to a liquid. A phase diagram will shown this. Note that when pressure is increased on a gas, the volume will change and the temperature will increase, so if constant temperature is desired, the system must be cooled to remove the excess heat generated. Follow the phase change on a phase diagram for water at 0 C as you increase the pressure. It will go directly from a gas to a solid (ice) at higher pressures.
(b) You are driving home late one night, and you experience the Tyndall effect. Explain what is taking place. What do you see? How can this affect your drive home?
The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in the air or in solutions. Blue light is diffused more readily than red. I would guess that this effect would tend to blur what you are seeing.
Bob
