Determinism is the thesis that, for any event to occur, such as event E, there is a set of past events (say, events A, B, C, D) that are necessary and sufficient to cause E to occur. True or false

Answer 1

Determinism says that not only are events A, B, C, and D necessary and sufficient to cause event E, they MUST cause event E. Otherwise, event E would be one possible outcome of the set of events, {A,B,C,D}, rather than the ONLY possible outcome of event-set {A,B,C,D}.

Your question does not address whether the events must happen in the specific order in which they are listed, so for the purposes of the answer here, I assumed that the order of events is irrelevant. However, were the order of events relevant, then whether or not event E was the Logically Necessary outcome of the set of events, {A,B,C,D} depends on the order in which the events take place. It could easily be the case that events F, G, H, and I take place when the ordering of the set of events {A,B,C,D} is arranged in some order different from the order of events that caused Event E.