Ben L. answered 04/21/20
TUTOR SPECIALIZING IN COLLEGE LEVEL CHEMISTRY COURSES
The explanation of +1 for phosphorus is that by not breaking the octet rule, P should only have 4 single bonds. It has 5 valence electrons to give so it's charge is +1 .
-1 for oxygen is because it has 6 valence electrons to give but has 7 valence electrons with this lewis dot structure.
As for why oxygen has the negative charge over phosphorus, it's because oxygen is more electronegative than phosphorus.