Hi there! Physical and occupational therapists are often difficult to distinguish because of their similarities; yet they are definitely unique disciplines. Let's discuss some similarities in their schooling and training. Generally speaking, both clinicians are trained in human anatomy, physiology, kinesiology, neuroscience, psychology, and human development (these are just a few examples). Both are trained to intervene in a variety of neurological, musculoskeletal, and developmental challenges that humans of all ages might face. Currently in the United States, newly graduated clinicians will have a graduate level degree in their field (masters or higher for OTs and doctoral level for PT) though you will find some more experienced clinicians with bachelor degrees. In order to be awarded these degrees, one will need to successfully complete a combination of classroom based coursework and clinical fieldwork. Lastly, both clinicians will need to pass a board exam (NBCOT for the OTs and NPTE for the PTs) in order to apply for a license to practice in their state of choice.
You often find both professions working in the same institution (hospital, clinic, school, or skilled nursing facility) and on the same patients. Both professions have a variety of specialties and subspecialties and some even go on to work in hospital or business administration. Ultimately, I believe the goal of both professions is to increase the quality of their patient's lives.
I suppose it would be appropriate to give some examples of differences. I am going to preface this by stating this is in no way exhaustive but could help someone to quickly distinguish the difference between a PT and an OT if you saw them working with a patient. Also, there are nuances in the theoretical approaches of each discipline that can further blur the lines between PT and OT. That being said, if you see a clinician working with someone on their ability to dress, feed, cook, clean, or shower themselves odds are good that this is an OT at work. If you see a clinician working on muscular strength, joint range of motion, coordination, or gait odds are good this is a PT at work.
I would say if someone is interested in learning more about these two professions start with their professional associations; The American Occupational Therapy Association and The American Physical Therapy Association. Next, I found that YouTube was a good source to get acclimated to the professions on a more personal level from the perspective of the clinicians themselves. Lastly, reaching out to practicing clinicians in your community (or an online community) could help to answer more specific questions.
