
Robert K. answered 06/18/20
Philosophy Grad Student, Experienced Writer & Teacher
Good except for the Kant answers. Kant is not a consequentialist. He does not care one iota about consequences of actions or maximizing happiness. Morality is grounded in reason for Kant, and it is simply by thinking about morality and persons that we can derive the fundamental moral machinery (the categorical imperative) through which we can test any putative moral principle. Actions are either right or wrong in themselves, based on whether the principle underlying them survives the moral machinery (e.g. being self-contradictory). We cannot lie because if we made that a universal law (applying to everyone everywhere and always), then it would undermine itself. Hence, lying is self-contradictory and so morally wrong.
Hopefully the clues here suggest which answers need to be changed and to what.