Asked • 04/04/19

Are the words 이상 and 이하 inclusive?

The words 이상 and 이하 can follow a number to mean "more than" or "less than": > 3년 이상 However, it's not always clear if the number itself is included: does the above mean "more than 3 years" or "3 years or more"? The dictionary isn't so helpful: > 이상: 1. 수량이 기준을 포함하면서 그 위인 경우 2. 정도가 기준보다 높음 One seems to suggest the amount is included, the other doesn't. So is it inclusive or not, or ambiguous, or sometimes one sometimes the other? If it's sometimes one, sometimes the other, how can I tell if the number is included?

Yunhee J.

tutor
During math class, we learned "a number" 이상 includes that number itself. However the expression is used in the mixture of "inclusion" and "exclusion" of the number given among general public in Korea. 90점 이상 맞으면 새 컴퓨터 사 줄게. I will reward you with a new computer if you get over score 90. --> In this sentence, if the score 90 will grant the new computer or not is disputable. In math, it should. In reality, how the public use the term is different and often it wouldn't. So usually, in this case, we need to clarify "do you mean including 90? or not?" 나 오늘 커피 한잔 이상은 안 마실거야 is translated "I will not drink coffee more than one cup." meaning " I will drink only one cup no more." 나 오늘 커피 한잔도 안 마실거야. I will not drink coffee today, not even one cup. If you are looking at a news article, statistical report,...etc, then it is probably safe to think "이상" and "이하" includes the given number.
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08/01/21

1 Expert Answer

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Jiwu Flora H. answered • 04/10/19

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