Let Age be the age of the man. He spent:
one fourth as a boy = (1/4)*Age
one-fifth as a youth = (1/5)*Age
one-third as a man = (1/3)*Age
13 years in his dotage = 13
Age = (1/4)*Age + (1/5)*Age + (1/3)*Age + 13 years
Let's put the fractions (1/4, 1/5, 1/3) over a common denominator (60) and add them together:
Age = (15/60)*Age + (12/60)*Age + (20/60)*Age + 13
Age = (47/60)*Age + 13
Age - (47/60)*Age = 13 [Subtract (47/60)*Age from both sides]
(13/60)*Age = 13
Age = 13*(60/13) [Multiply both sides by 60/13]
Age = 60 years
Tell your teacher, BTW, that 60 years old is not "dotage"! ;-P