Jasmine, it's exactly as it's spelled out.
We start with the answer, 50.
If g = the cost of gum 15 years ago, 4 times that is 4g. Four cents less than that is 4g - 4.
50 = 4g - 4
Now, we need to solve for g. We always do the opposite operation to BOTH sides.
50 + 4 = 4g - 4 + 4
54 = 4g
54/4 = 4g/4
13.5 = g
Well, this is odd. Apparently a pack of gum cost 13.5 cents fifteen years ago, which is impossible.