There are 12 eggs in a dozen, so 5 dozen eggs is 5*12 = 60 eggs. If she leaves 13 at the store, she brings home 60 - 13 = 47 eggs. She needs 55 eggs but only has 47 eggs. So no, she does not have enough eggs (unless she returns to the store and brings home the eggs she left there).
It's just math, common core or not.