Maura L. answered 10/07/15
Tutor
New to Wyzant
PhD chemist who wants to help you excel!
Here's how you solve this for silicon (Si):
The top number (26) is the mass number. This is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
The bottom number (14) is the element number. It's equal to the number of protons.
So the number of protons is 14.
To find the number of neutrons, you need to subtract: 26-14 = 12.
For a neutral atom (an atom with no charge), the number of electrons is the same as the number of protons.
You don't mention a charge here. But if you were given a charge, then you would have to adjust the number of electrons. For example, Zn can have a charge of +2. Electrons have a negative charge, so in order for Zn to have a positive charge, there must be electrons missing. You would find the number of protons as I described above, and then subtract two to find the number of electrons.