Daniel B. answered 06/13/23
A retired computer professional to teach math, physics
Let
m (unknown) be the mass of the object
r (unknown) be the radius of the object,
g = 9.81 m/s² be gravitational acceleration,
v (to be computed) be the translational velocity at the bottom,
ω = v/r be the angular velocity at the bottom,
I = kmr² be the moment of inertia of the object,
where
k = 2/5 for a solid sphere
k = 2/3 for a spherical shell
k = 1 for a hoop
k = 1 for an empty cylinder
k = 1/2 for a solid cylinder
The potential energy -- mgh -- at the top is converted at the bottom into
translational kinetic energy -- mv²/2 -- and
rotational kinetic energy -- Iω²/2.
That gives the equation
mgh = mv²/2 + Iω²/2
This can be rewritten and simplified into
mgh = mv²/2 + kmr²ω²/2
mgh = mv²/2 + kmv²/2
2gh = v² + kv²
v = √(2gh/(1 + k))
Spherical shell:
v = √(2×9.81×15.2)/(1 + 2/3)) = 13.37
Empty cylinder:
v = √(2×9.81×15.2)/(1 + 1)) = 12.2
Solid cylinder:
v = √(2×9.81×15.2)/(1 + 1/2)) = 14.1