Which statement summarizes Montesquieu′s view of government?

Question

The political liberty of the subject is a tranquility of mind, arising from the opinion each person has of his safety. In order to have this liberty, it is requisite for the government to be so constituted as one man need not be afraid of another. When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty, because apprehensions may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner. Again, there is no liberty, if the power of judging be not separated from the legislative and executive powers.    ~Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, 1748

Answer 1

That is often called separation of powers and attributed to Madison BUT that separation was often considered to be the Monarchy is represented by the one President or Executive, The democracy or people are represented by the House and the Aristocracy is represented by the upper house or Senate.

For a long time in the Colonies, the judicial was simply an arm of the legislative or the Executive branch.

Best source is the work of Gordon Wood.