Saudi S. answered 02/18/22
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This is not an easy question to answer regarding any language since the word ‘basic’ differs from one person to another; the basic words a diplomat needs to fulfill his/her job are definitely different from the basic vocabulary a teacher needs. But, supposing the question relates to the general use of Arabic, the basic words are those that can help anyone express him/herself such as
My name is …. | - اسمي ... |
I am --- old. | - عمري ... سنة. |
I live in …. | - أعيش في ... . |
I am originally from … | - أنا أصلًا من .... |
My family lives in …. | - تعيش أسرتي في ... |
My father/mother/brother/sister/son/daughter is called …. and he/she is … old. | - اسم والدي / أمي / أخي / أخت / ابني / ابنتي …. وعمره/عمرها ... سنة. |
Also, basic words include words that are used to address someone such as:
What is your (masculine, feminine, sing. and plural) name? | - ما اسمكَ/ اسمكِ/ اسمكم؟ |
Where are you (masculine, feminine, sing. and plural) from? | - من أين أنتَ/ أنتِ/ أنتم؟ |
Do you (masculine, feminine, sing. and plural) have a family? | - هل لديكَ/ لديكِ / لديكم عائلة؟ |
Where is your (masculine, feminine, sing. and plural) family? | - أين عائلتكَ/ عائلتكِ/عائلتكم؟ |
Do you (masculine, feminine, sing. and plural) have kids? | - هل لديكَ/ لديكِ/ لديكم أطفال؟ |
What is the name of your (masculine, feminine, sing.) father/mother/brother/sister/son/daughter? | ما اسم أبوكَ / أمكَ / أخوكَ / أختكَ / ابنكَ / ابنتكَ؟ ما اسم أبوكِ / أمكِ / أخوكِ / أختكِ / ابنكِ / ابنتكِ؟ |
Also, basic words include words that are used to refer to daily activities that someone does like:
I wake up at … am. | - أستيقظ الساعة ... صباحًا. |
I go to work by car/bus, etc. | - أذهب إلى العمل بالسيارة / الحافلة ، إلخ. |
I work as a …. at …. | - أعمل ... في ... |
I finish work at … and go home at …. | - ينتهي العمل الساعة ... وأعود إلى المنزل الساعة…. |
I like to eat …. | - أحب أن آكل ... |
I like to watch/listen to … on TV/the radio. | - أحب المشاهدة / الاستماع إلى ... التلفزيون / الراديو. |
Hope this answers the question.