Shift left 4 , Vertical shrink by a factor of 1/2 , Shift down 2
Keep these generalities in mind for all transformations of graphs:
Any change to the equation occurring inside the parentheses (I.e. any operation on x) will result in a horizontal transformation.
Any change to the equation occurring outside the parentheses (I.e. any operation on y) will result in a vertical transformation.
Addition and subtraction generate shifts ; multiplication generates stretches or shrinks. Multiplication by - 1 will result in a reflection.
Vertical transforms are intuitive in their direction: + shifts up , - down ; multiplication by a number > 1 stretches, multiplic. by a fraction shrinks
Horizontal transforms are counterintuitive: + shifts left , etc.
Multiplying x by -1 (I.e. inside parentheses) reflects the graph across the y-axis (which makes sense given that this is a horizontal transform.
