explain about genetically modified bacteria & mechanism by which these types of bacteria involved in insulin production?

Answer 1

Production and purification of recombinant Insulin: Each of the human insulin gene segments, A and B chains, are sub-cloned into a beta-Galactose plasmid containing ampicillin resistance gene, as a fusion protein. The engineered plasmids are introduced into competent E. coli bacterial cells through a transfection or elctroporation procedure, which is called genetically modified bacteria. The transformed cells are selected by adding ampicilin to LB growth media. The addition to beta-galactose sugar to the LB media induces the expression of beta-galactose fused with either A or B chain. The beta-galactose-insulin chains fused proteins are extracted from the bacterial cells. The insulin A and B peptides are purified from the beta-galactose through chemical cleavage . The combination of insulin A and B peptides produces the Insulin active form.