Ashlee D. answered • 11/30/20
Application Scientist/ Graduate Student Specializing in Hard Sciences
The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA contains the instructions for making a protein. RNA uses these instructions to make proteins in the body and each protein determines the structure and function of your cells. The instructions are copied by RNA via transcription and sent to the ribosome for translation of that information into a protein. Transcription is the process of RNA copying segments of DNA that encode for protein synthesis. Transcription begins at the promotor region of DNA, proceeds through the coding region, and ends at the terminator; the process occurs 5' to 3'. RNA is then spliced (removal of introns) to form mRNA (messenger RNA). The mRNA is small enough to travel through the nucleus into the cytoplasm and to the ribosome. The ribosome of the cell where translation takes place. The ribosome is known as the protein synthesis factory. tRNA (transfer RNA) then uses the information from the mRNA to form proteins via the ribosome.
