Mark M. answered 04/01/20
Retired math prof. Very extensive Precalculus tutoring experience.
Let A = sin-1x. Then sinA = x and cosA = √[1-sin2A] = √[1-x2.]
Let B = tan-1y. Then tanB = y = y/1. So, cosB = 1/√[1+y2] and sinB = y / √[y2+1]
cos(sin-1x - tan-1y) = cos(A-B) =cosAcosB + sinAsinB =
√[(1-x2) / (1+y2)] + xy / √(1+y2) = [xy + √(1-x2) ] / √(1+y2)