What are at least 5 differences between classical and modern physics?

Answer 1

Quantum Mechanics

Classical: particle theory of matter

Modern: wave/particle duality

Classical: wave theory of light

Modern: wave/particle duality

Classical: Laplace’s clockwork universe, deterministic laws of physics

Modern: Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, probabilistic laws of physics

Classical: Thomson’s plum pudding model of the atom

Modern: Rutherford-Bohr model of the atom

Relativity and Electromagnetics

Classical: Galilean theory of relativity

Modern: Einstein’s theory of special relativity

Classical: Aether model of electromagnetic propagation

Modern: Constancy of the speed of light in vacuum

Classical: Separate conservation of mass and energy

Modern: Equivalence of mass and energy

Classical: Action at a distance

Modern: Faraday’s lines of force

Cosmology

Classical: Newton’s Law of Gravity

Modern: Einstein’s Theory of a General Relativity

Classical: Static universe

Modern: Hubble’s Expanding Universe

Classical: Eternal universe

Modern: Big Bang Theory

Statistical Mechanics

Classical: Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics

Modern: Fermi-Dirac statistics and Bose-Einstein statistics