
Carl K. answered 09/02/19
MD, Assistant Professor of Family Medicine
Large animals such as elephants do not fear a single lion, and there are many videos of an elephant charging a single lion. A pride of lionesses can take down an elephant, and the elephant will avoid a pride of lionesses. Of course, the lionesses, like all predators will seek out the young and the weak as easier targets which require less energy to take down. Maternal instinct in prey will play a role in fear. A single adult elephant may run from a pride of lionesses, while a mother will protect her offspring. Elephants nearly always are found in small herds, which provide a survival advantage.
In all predator/prey calculations, nature has spend millenia giving advantage to predator, upon which the prey adapt defensive strategies, and vice versa.