Jeffrey Z. answered 12/12/14
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11. Polynomials always have as many roots as their order. This is a 4th order polynomial- hence 4 roots!
12. Complex roots of polynomials always come in pairs. The quadratic equation has that "+/-" in it that will always generate m+ni and m-ni, so 7-2i must be a root of this polynomial equation!
13. The order of the numerator and denominator are both 2. so the horizontal asymptote is y=a2/b2 =7.
14. Vertical asymptotes are the forbidden x-values. F(x) becomes undefined at x=-3 because this value will cause a zero denominator.
15. A graph of R(x) will have vertical asymptotes at ±1 because these values will make the denominator zero. So the domain of the function cannot include ±1, and the answer is {x:x≠±1}.