Andy H. answered 07/16/24
Hello: I am a former state and federal prosecutor
Hello: cases with original jurisdiction are overwhelmingly heard in federal district courts. The parties present their cases to the judge, who then makes a decision. At that point, the facts in front of all judges are frozen unless there's a remand. That's why you hear lawyers saying they need to say or admit something "for the record"-that record refers to the facts that came out in the district court, which appellate judges can review, but neither party can change. Appellate courts review the legal decisions (was there reasonable suspicion that the car driving with an expired license plate was stolen?) but not factual decisions (what time of night did the stop happen? How fast was the car going? What could the officer see?).