Francisco P. answered 10/29/14
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Rigorous Physics Tutoring
There are 5 forces acting on the ladder. Two which are gravitational and vertical. Two are normal forces from the wall and the ground. The fifth is the static frictional force.
The normal force exerted by the ground is vertical and balances the two gravitational forces. (The gravitational force by the climber is not really a force acting on the ladder but it is due to it that there is a force of the same size on the ladder.)
Since there are only two horizontal forces and the ladder is in static equilibrium, the static frictional force has to balance the wall's normal force exactly.
Francisco P.
Fs = FN because the ladder is in static equilibrium. The static frictional force adjusts itself to match the normal force from the wall unless it reaches its maximum value when the ladder starts to slip. I hope that clears it up.
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10/30/14
Jean M.
10/29/14