Eleanor, if you in fact have variables in your denominator, like your first example, 11/24 and 7/8x, your common denominator would be 24x, and you'd have 11x/24x and 21/24x.
If the variable is simply next to your fraction, it is a factor in youf term and, thus, part of the numerator, so 11/24 and 7/8x becomes 11/24 and 7x/8, so your common denominator is 24 and you have 11/24 and 21x/24.
For your second example, if the variables are part of the denominator, your common denominator is 84xy, and you have 72y/84xy and 35x/84xy. If not, your common denominator is 84 and you simply have 72x/84 and 35y/84.
I hope this makes sense!