How to translate a function

Question

I do not know how to translate a parent graph function

Answer 1

Suppose you have f(x).

 

Consider h > 0.

 

f(x - h) has the exact same shape as f(x), but translated h units to the right.

 

f(x + h) has the exact same shape as f(x), but translated h units to the left.

 

Now consider k > 0.

 

f(x) + k has the exact same shape as f(x), but translated k units up the y-axis

 

f(x) - k has the exact same shape as f(x), but translated k units down the y-axis

 

Let me know if you need additional explanation.