4√16x²+1 assuming that the original integrand was √(t2+1). This parenthesization is necessary to explicitly indicate the scope of the radical symbol. Reason: just substitute 4x for t in the original integrand, and use the chain rule factor 4 from differentiation of 4x, the upper limit of the definite integral. The differentiation d/dx "knocks out" the ∫ ... dx parts (inverse operations), according to Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.