David W. answered 02/18/16
Experienced Prof
This question uses what I call "magic numbers." They make the calculations easy so you can concentrate on solving the problem. This is important for (1) estimating/checking answers, (2) understanding the process and not simply "following the steps", (3) providing alternative methods when continuous improvement processes are used.
So, first, I must comment on Kenneth S.'s answer. Think: if π=C/d, what is the circumference a circle with diameter 7? Using π=22/7=C/7, then C=22 [done!] To be somewhat more accurate (if that is even necessary),
C = πd = (3.1415926)(7) ≅ 21.99
If I'm working on most home materials, 0.01 inch is hardly noticeable.
Did anyone realize that the definition of π is C/d ??
Now, a wild example that uses "a little more than 3" (which is even further from the real π.) I was sewing the hem in an 8-ft banner and wanted to know how much of a fold I should make for it to fit rather snugly around a 5/8" pipe. Well. I reasoned (with no calculator), the circumference is (5/8)π which is a little more than 15/8", so 2" will fit snuggly. I'll make a 1" fold and sew there.
Then, using computers to solve problems, we often want a "first/rough guess" or "an order of magnitude" to plan. After doing a feasibility study, we would like more precise estimates and we might make a rough prototype [you realize that absolutely nobody flies an airplane that has not already had each part broken by testing (or simulation)]. For example, "Estimate the cost of a house plan based solely on the number of square feet; refine the cost estimate as decisions are made about schedule, materials, modifications, etc.; further refine the costs based on the market, competition, etc.; bid on the project (with allowable cost adjustments, of course)... Nobody spends all this time planning if they don't expect to actually do the work.
Estimating/checking is also limited by time when taking standardized tests !!
So, I recommend that you not mention any complaints about this problem ... it is quite valuable in its current form.
O.K. the problem:
π = C/d [definition]
22/7 = (99)/d [givens in problem]
(22/7)d = 99 [multiply both sides by d; or else you could cross-multiply]
d = (99)(7/22) [multiply both sides by π; or we could start with d=C/π;
remember: to divide by fraction, invert and multiply]
d = (9)(7/2) [cancel an 11]
d = 31 1/2 [special note: using π=3.14159, d=31.51271
PLZ judge -- is that close enough?]
David W.
02/18/16
Kenneth S.
02/18/16
David W.
02/19/16
David W.
02/19/16
Kenneth S.
02/18/16