Bridge can give you quick previews of your Adobe files(InDesign, AI, Ps etc) that Windows or Finder pay or may not be able to do and can easily help you export your images or files
It also comes with some organizational tools like the rating system, keywords and batch processing actions like file renaming, meta data editing etc that are helpful for filtering, searching and managing your files.
These were only some common tools that I use. This is just highly dependent on your workflow and files you interact with regularly.