Dawn, anything to the first power is itself, so the degree of 5a is 1.
We are only looking at the degree of the variable. The degree of -1 is 0, because anything to the 0 power equals 1. -1a0 = -1(1) = -1.
The degree of 4a8 is 8.
Normally, we write the terms in descending order, so this would be 4a8 + 5a - 1.
We cannot combine 4a8 with 5a because they do not have the same degree!
That's a long explanation to maybe help with your other questions, but the answer to this one is 1.
Hope this helps!