The only possible rational roots are 1,2,4 and -1, -2, and -4
If you plug in -1, you will find it is a root. Divide out the root by long division to get
x3 + x2 - 4x - 4
Plug in -1 again and it is a root (i.e. a double root). Divide it out as before to get
x2 - 4 which factors as (x + 2)(x - 2)
There you have it!