Hi Bob,
I just saw this question you posted. I'll help you break down the question, and it should be relatively easy to solve.
Let's use the variable X for the number they're asking you to find.
"is decreased by" --- means subtraction
"10% of itself" --- use ".1X"
"the result is 54" --- use "equals 54"
From there, I hope you can set up an equation.
There is another way to solve this, but the other way might be less helpful.
Good luck!