Laurie G. answered 01/26/18
Tutor
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Credentialed Teacher Knowledgeable in K-8 Core & Special Needs
It looks like you are looking for the common factor for 9, 12, and 21. What number can be divided into all three of those numbers and come out evenly. That would be 3.
An array or chart of the tokens could be set up to prove that there would be 3 in each row.
1960s X X X
X X X (9 tokens in all)
X X X 3 times 3
1970s X X X
X X X (12 tokens in all)
X X X 3 times 4
X X X
1980s X X X
X X X
X X X (21 tokens in all)
X X X 3 times 7
X X X
X X X
X X X
I hope this explanation and chart helps you understand it better. Laurie G.