Emily, don't overthink this. It's eeeeeeasier than you think!
Let's say Stan's printer prints for 5 minutes. You get 8(5) = 40 copies, right?
a. Soooo, in x minutes, you get 8x copies.
b. If Julia's printer prints for 4 fewer minutes, then it prints for x - 4 minutes.
c. This one's a little tougher, but pretty much the same concept. In x - 4 minutes, Julia's printer prints 11(x - 4) copies. Distributing, that's 11x - 44 copies.
d. Add the two together! 8x + (11 x - 44) = 8x + 11x - 44. Combing like terms, the two printers together print 19x - 44 copies.
Hope this helps!
Emily Z.
10/16/16