Nephritic syndrome is a type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys. This can lead to a variety of symptoms including hematuria, proteinuria, and decreased renal function. In pediatric patients, nephritic syndrome is most commonly caused by post-infectious glomerulonephritis, which occurs after a streptococcal infection such as strep throat or impetigo.
Differential diagnosis for nephritic syndrome includes other types of glomerulonephritis such as IgA nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and lupus nephritis. It is important to rule out other causes of hematuria and proteinuria such as urinary tract infections, bladder tumors, and kidney stones.
Nursing management for pediatric patients with nephritic syndrome includes careful monitoring of fluid and electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and renal function. Children with nephritic syndrome often have fluid overload and hypertension, which can lead to further kidney damage if not managed appropriately. They may also require medications to control their blood pressure and to reduce inflammation in the kidneys. In severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary.
Nurses should also educate families on the importance of following a low-sodium diet and limiting fluid intake. Children with nephritic syndrome should also avoid activities that may increase their risk for infections, as this can exacerbate their condition.
In addition to medical management, nursing interventions should focus on providing emotional support for the child and their family. A diagnosis of nephritic syndrome can be overwhelming and scary, and it is important for nurses to provide education and reassurance to the child and their family. Nurses can also connect families with resources such as support groups and social services to help them cope with the challenges of managing a chronic illness.
