Explore some latest trends that will replace TCP/IP model.

Answer 1

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) & Overlays

Instead of relying on traditional hop-by-hop IP layer convergence, modern networks use an Underlay/Overlay architecture. Traditional IP is relegated to a simple "underlay" path (just getting packets from Point A to Point B), while all the actual intelligence is handled by a software-controlled overlay.

1. The Tech: Technologies like VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) encapsulate Layer 2/3 traffic inside standard UDP packets, allowing virtual networks to stretch infinitely across disparate data centers without changing the physical IP structure.
2. Trend: Centralized controllers (like AWS Control Tower or Cisco Catalyst Center) dynamically steer traffic based on application intent and real-time path health, making the underlying rigid routing tables secondary to the software layer.