With related rate problems, you need a relation between the variables and some constraints. Let's say x is distance from base to wall, y is the height of the ladder along the wall, and θ is the angle that the ladder makes with the floor.
We know that cosθ = x/10 ( we can actually ignore y!)
Take the derivative wrt time:
sinθ dθ/dt = 1/10 dx/dt
At x = 8 sinθ = y/10 = sqrt(102-82)/10 = 6/10. You are given dx/dt. solve for dθ/dt