The Incas developed an ingenious agricultural system to grow crops on the steep slopes of the high mountains in the Andes. They used a method called terrace farming. Here's how it worked:
(1) Terrace Farming: The Incas carved flat terraces into the mountain slopes, creating a series of step-like platforms. These terraces reduced soil erosion, which is a common problem on steep slopes, and allowed for the cultivation of crops in areas that would otherwise be unsuitable for agriculture.
(2) Soil Enrichment: To improve the fertility of the soil on these terraces, the Incas used a combination of compost, manure, and possibly guano (seabird excrement) to enrich the soil. This practice ensured that the terraces remained productive for agriculture.
(3) Irrigation Systems: The Incas engineered advanced irrigation systems to bring water from mountain springs and streams to their terraces. These systems included channels and aqueducts that distributed water evenly across the terraced fields, ensuring that crops received the necessary moisture even in arid conditions.
(4) Crop Selection and Rotation: The Incas cultivated a variety of crops suited to the different microclimates created by the varying altitudes of the terraces. They grew potatoes, maize, quinoa, and other crops, employing crop rotation methods to maintain soil fertility and reduce pest and disease problems.
(5) Microclimates: The terraces created microclimates that protected crops from frost and extreme temperatures. The stone walls of the terraces absorbed heat from the sun during the day and released it at night, moderating the temperature and extending the growing season.
Through these innovative agricultural techniques, the Incas were able to maximize arable land in challenging mountainous terrain, ensuring food security and supporting a large population.
I hope above explanation helps.
