
William W. answered 05/14/21
Experienced Tutor and Retired Engineer
The limit definition of the derivative is:
For f(x) = x2 - 2x + 1:
f(x + h) = (x + h)2 - 2(x + h) + 1 = x2 + 2xh + h2 - 2x - 2h + 1
So f(x + h) - f(x) is:
(x2 + 2xh + h2 - 2x - 2h + 1) - (x2 - 2x + 1) = 2xh + h2 - 2h = h(2x + h - 2)
So [f(x + h) - f(x)]/h = [h(2x + h - 2)]/h = 2x + h - 2
And the limit as h approaches zero makes this "2x - 2"
So f '(3) = 2(3) - 2 = 4