if you can't find the factors through trial and error, either complete the square or use the quadratic formula. IF the answer is in integers, then you can find the factors
-x^2 + 24x + 168 =0
multiply by -1
change the signs
x^2 -24x -168 = 0
x^2 -24x + 144 = 168 + 144 = 312
(x-12)^2 = 312
x-12 = sqr312 = 17.664 which suggests you can't factor the problem with integers
x = 12+ or - sqr312
then the factors are (x-12+sqr312)(x-12-sqr312)
their product is x^2 -24x + 144 -312 = x^2 -24 -168
change the signs and you're back to the original polynomial -x^2 +24 + 168
they aren't integer factors, but they are real, not imaginary
change the sign of one of the factors to get a product of factors = original polynomial