AP STAT QUESTION PLS HELP

Question

The number of cavities in school-aged children and size of vocabulary are known to have a strong negative association. Toby concluded that the number of cavities causes a decrease in vocabulary. Is Toby's conclusion valid? Explain. (4 points)

A	Toby's conclusion is valid because association does imply causation.
B	Toby's conclusion is not valid because causation does not imply association.
C	Toby's conclusion is valid because causation does imply association.
D	Toby's conclusion is not valid because association does not imply causation.

Answer 1

D) Association does not imply causation. We can only find causation through experiments. Number of cavities and size of vocab have a correlation, but it doesn't imply causation.