
Samuel P. answered 06/23/20
Former high school math teacher. Currently working in finance at Big 4
Short answer: Probability of 1 meaning something is CERTAIN to happen is just convention.
Meaning someone made it up a long time ago and people agreed to stick with it.
Given that we say that
Long Answer:
An event (e.g., that it will rain tomorrow) occurring with probability of 1 means that the event will 100% occur. In other words, the event is CERTAIN to occur.
Now why does 100% mean all (like why does 100% of a pizza mean all of the pizza?)...
Well percent = per-cent = per 100 (like how cents are 1/100 of a dollar). So 100% means 100*(1/100) = 1.