Tom K. answered 05/03/20
Knowledgeable and Friendly Math and Statistics Tutor
We use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. cos(x) is on the lower end of the integral, but there is no x-term on the upper end. As it is on the bottom end, we take the negative of it. Thus, -(1-t^2)/(1+t^4) evaluated at cos(x) is -(1- cos2(x))/(1+cos4(x)) = -sin2(x)/(1+cos4(x))