There are a number of methods to factor.
In this example, you can tell by inspection that 1 is a root of the equation. So, you take (x-1) and divide into the polynomial. This will give the result that you have.
You could use the quadratic equation to find a root and then use either root to divide or just use the 2 roots, say a & b, to factor (x-a)(x-b) etc. You would perhaps divide through by 3 to obtain a standard form of the quadratic equation etc.
You could use Newton's iterative method to find a root "a" & then use (x-a) to divide into the polynomial etc
I hope that helps!
