The average rate of change is just { f(x2) - f(x1) }/(x2 - x1) = (190-145)/(2007-1986) = 45/21 = 2.143 lbs/year
The form is just (y2-y1)/(x2-x1) which is the slope if you think of y = f(x).
This gives you the linear approximation each year of the weight gain.