How to print to stderr in Python?

Question

There are several ways to write to stderr: # Note: this first one does not work in Python 3 print >> sys.stderr, "spam" sys.stderr.write("spam\\n") os.write(2, b"spam\\n") from __future__ import print_function print("spam", file=sys.stderr)That seems to contradict *zen of Python #13* ^†, so what's the difference here and are there any advantages or disadvantages to one way or the other? Which way should be used?^† _{There should be one — and preferably only one — obvious way to do it.}

Answer 1

I found this to be the only one short + flexible + portable + readable:

from __future__ import print_function

import sys

def eprint(*args, **kwargs):

print(*args, file=sys.stderr, **kwargs)

The function eprint can be used in the same way as the standard print function:

>>> print("Test")

Test

>>> eprint("Test")

Test

>>> eprint("foo", "bar", "baz", sep="---")

foo---bar---baz