Richard P. answered 02/25/18
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For the case of an equal mass elastic collision, the angle between the exit velocities is 90 degrees. Hence second ball moves at an angle 90 - 37 = 53 degrees with respect to the original line of motion.

Richard P.
tutor
Let p0 be the initial momentum, p1 be the final momentum of the first ball and p2 be the final momentum of the second ball.. These are vector quantities. The conservation of momentum can be written as p0= p1+ p2 . This is a vector equation.
However, it can be made into a scalar equation by squaring both sides. The result is p02 = p12 + p22 + 2 p1 • p2 , where p1 • p2 is the scalar dot product of p1 and p2 .
Kinetic energy can be expressed as p2/2m. The conservation of kinetic energy can be written as
p02 / 2m = p12 /2m + p22 /2m.
The two conservation equations cannot both hold unless p1 • p2 =0. This condition means that the vectors p1 and p2 are perpendicular. This is the same as saying that the angle between them is 90 degrees.
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02/26/18
Gnarls B.
02/25/18