p(x) = 3x2 - 4
r(x) = 2x2 - 5 + 1
When your write p(8a) it means p(x=8a), so just replace the x in p(x) with 8a.
p(x) = 3x2 - 4
p(8a) = 3(8a)2 - 4 = 3(64a2) - 4 = 192a2 - 4
For -5r(2a), replace x in r(x) with 2a, then multiply the whole thing by -5.
For p(x2-1), replace the x in p(x) with x2-1:
p(x) = 3x2 - 4
p(x2-1) = 3(x2-1)2 - 4
Can you finish it?