Note: for the purposes of this answer, by <a,b>, I mean the column vector with first entry a and second entry b.
<1,0> and <0, 1> are the standard basis vectors for R2
If V = <v1, v2>, then V = v1<1,0> + v2<0,1>
If T is a linear transformation from R2 to R2, then
T(V) = T(v1<1,0> + v2<0,1>) = v1T(<1,0>) + v2T(<0,1>)
= v1<5,9> + v2<5,-7>
= <5v1+5v2 , 9v1-7v2>
= ⌈ 5 5 ⌉ ⌈v1⌉
⌊9 -7 ⌋ ⌊v2⌋