Tom B. answered 11/12/22
Experienced, Friendly, and Plain-Speaking Math Tutor
I'll answer two questions, but this will help you with the rest. I'm going to answer
x^2 + 12x + 35 = 0
36x^2 + 49 = 0
There are three methods you can use to solve quadratic equations: 1) Factoring 2) Completing the Square and 3) Quadratic Formula. Plus, one more method, Square Roots, that can be used sometimes. I will show you all of these. (To do well in Algebra, you need to learn all of the methods.)
The standard format of the a quadratic equation is ax^2 + bx + c = 0
Factoring: x^2 + 12x + 35 = 0
For this method, you ask yourself what two numbers add to b (12) and multiply to c (35). Well, 7 x 5 = 35. And 7 + 5 = 12. Yay! So this expression factors into (x+7)(x+5) = 0. There are only two values of x that make this equation true: x = -7 and x = -5. That's the answer.
Completing the square: x^2 + 12x + 35 = 0
For this method, you take half of b (12), which is 6, and square it to get 36. Then you need to add 1 and subtract 1 to the original expression so that 35 becomes 36: x^2 + 12x + 35 + 1 - 1 = x^2 + 12x + 36 - 1. Then you can factor this (using the method above) to get x^2 + 12x + 36 - 1 = (x+6)^2 - 1. So now we have (x+6)^2 - 1 = 0. Now you use the Square Roots method to find x. Add 1 to both sides to get (x+6)^2 = 1. Take the square root of both sides + or - (x+6) = 1. The two answers are x+6=1, which is x=-5 and -x-6 = 1, which is x=-7.
Quadratic formula: x^2 + 12x + 35 = 0
You should memorize this x = (-b + or - sqrt(b^2-4ac))/2a. Plugging the numbers in we get x = (-12 + or - sqrt(144-140))/2 = (-12 + or - 2)/2 = -6 + or - 1 = -5 or -7.
All three methods give the same answer.
The 2nd problem is harder. 36x^2 + 49 = 0
Factoring: b = 0 and c = 49. What two numbers add to zero and multiply to 49. You can look and look but there aren't any.
Completing the Square: It's already a square, so we can subtract 49 from both sides to get 36x^2 = -49 and divide both sides by 36 and get x^2 = -49/36. What number can you square and get a negative number. There aren't any!
Quadratic formula: (-0 + or - sqrt(0-7056))/72 But what's the square root of -7056. It's not possible to take the square root of a negative number.
It seems like there isn't any answer. But there is.
Math people defined a new symbol i, which is equal to the sqrt(-1). That is, i = sqrt(-1).
So let's use that to solve x^2 = -49/36 from above. Let's take the square root of both sides x = + or - sqrt(-49/36) We can split out the -1, so x = + or - sqrt(-1 x 49/36).
As a general rule, the sqrt(x) is the same thing as exponent x^1/2 and using the exponent rule (ab)^n = a^n x b^n, so we can say sqrt(ab) = sqrt(a)sqrt(b). So,
x = + or - sqrt(-1) x sqrt(49/36).
The sqrt(-1) is i. And the sqrt(49/36) = 7/6
So the answer is x = 7i/6 or x = -7i/6
This should help you with all the problems.