To find an average, you add together all the scores you have and divide by the number of tests. Since you already know her average for the first four, you can act as if she made that score on all four of them. So, your overall average would be (82+82+82+82+x)/5. That four tests of 82 each plus one you don't know, which is x.
82 x 4 = 328. So (328 + x)/5 = 84.
To get rid of the "divide by 5", multiply both sides by 5. Then you have 328 + x = 84 x 5, or 328 + x = 420.
Now you want to get the x completely by itself, so subtract 328 from both sides. x = 420 - 328, or x = 92. So Emily would need to make a 92 on her fifth quiz to make 84 overall.